Abundance of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis in a warmwater plume: effects of depth and temperature

نویسندگان

  • Jeremy S. Mitchell
  • Robert C. Bailey
  • Richard W. Knapton
چکیده

The generalization that quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) occur in deep–cold water and shallow–warm water, respectively, is inappropriate. We estimated dreissenid densities at sites affected by warmwater discharges into Lake Erie (Nanticoke, Ontario) to separate the effects of depth and temperature. Both species’ densities increased with depth. After controlling for depth, quagga mussel were more abundant at thermally enriched sites than at sites unaffected by the discharge. This suggests that quagga mussel may occur in deep water not because such sites are cooler in summer, but because they are warmer over winter because of the inverse stratification in the range 0–4°C. Zebra mussels were unaffected by the warmwater plume at a broad scale, but were almost entirely absent from a site at the mouth of the discharge canal. This is inconsistent with previous indications that zebra mussel can tolerate higher temperatures than quagga mussel. Even in shallow water unaffected by the discharge, quagga mussel were more abundant than zebra mussel. Because Nanticoke was among the first places in North America to be colonized by quagga mussel, their numerical dominance at Nanticoke may be followed by similar changes in other nearshore areas of the lower Great Lakes. Résumé : La gØnØralisation selon laquelle la moule quagga (Dreissena bugensis) et la moule zØbrØe (Dreissena polymorpha) se retrouvent dans des eaux froides et profondes et dans des eaux chaudes et peu profondes, respectivement, ne tient pas. Afin de distinguer les effets de la tempØrature de ceux de la profondeur, nous avons estimØ la densitØ des dreissØnidØs dans des stations du lac ÉriØ soumises à des rejets d’eaux chaudes, à Nanticoke (Ontario). Pour les deux espŁces, la densitØ augmentait avec la profondeur. Une fois ØliminØ l’effet de la profondeur, la moule quagga Øtait plus abondante dans les stations enrichies par la chaleur que dans celles non soumises au rejets. Il est donc possible que ce mollusque se retrouve dans les eaux profondes non pas parce que celles-ci sont plus froides en ØtØ, mais parce qu’elles sont plus chaudes en hiver à cause de la stratification inverse des eaux de 0 à 4”C. Le panache d’eaux chaudes n’avait aucun effet à grande Øchelle sur la moule zØbrØe, mais cette espŁce Øtait presque complŁtement absente d’une station situØe à l’embouchure de l’Ømissaire. Ces constatations contredisent les indications antØrieures selon lesquelles la moule zØbrØe pourrait tolØrer des tempØratures plus ØlevØes que la moule quagga. MŒme dans les eaux peu profondes non touchØes par les rejets, la moule quagga Øtait plus abondante que la moule zØbrØe. Comme Nanticoke est une des premiŁres localitØs nord-amØricaines à Œtre envahie par la moule quagga, la dominance numØrique de cette espŁce à Nanticoke risque d’Œtre suivie d’une Øvolution semblable dans d’autres zones côtiŁres des Grands Lacs infØrieurs. [Traduit par la RØdaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 1996